本章介绍如何在MongoDB中备份数据。
MongoDB数据转储
要在MongoDB中创建数据库备份，可以使用mongodump命令。这个命令将把服务器的全部数据转储到文件目录中。
语法
mongodump命令的基本语法如下
# mongodump
例子
启动mongod服务器，假设服务器运行本地主机和端口27017上。命令行中，执行mongodump
[root@qikegu ~]# mongodump
该命令将连接到运行在本地主机和端口27017的服务器，并将服务器的所有数据备份到目录./dump/。下面是命令的输出：
2019-06-10T13:12:04.913+0800 writing admin.system.version to
2019-06-10T13:12:04.915+0800 done dumping admin.system.version (1 document)
2019-06-10T13:12:04.915+0800 writing mydb.qikegu to
2019-06-10T13:12:04.915+0800 writing mydb.mycollection to
2019-06-10T13:12:04.915+0800 writing mydb.mycollection3 to
2019-06-10T13:12:04.919+0800 done dumping mydb.mycollection (0 documents)
2019-06-10T13:12:04.924+0800 done dumping mydb.qikegu (5 documents)
2019-06-10T13:12:04.925+0800 done dumping mydb.mycollection3 (0 documents)
下面是可以与mongodump命令一起使用的选项列表。
| 语法 | 描述 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| mongodump –host HOST_NAME –port PORT_NUMBER | 此命令将备份指定主机上，MongoDB服务器中的所有数据库。 | mongodump –host qikegu.com –port 27017 |
| mongodump –dbpath DB_PATH –out BACKUP_DIRECTORY | 此命令将指定数据库备份到指定路径。 | mongodump –dbpath /data/db/ –out /data/backup/ |
| mongodump –collection COLLECTION –db DB_NAME | 此命令只备份指定数据库的指定集合。 | mongodump –collection mycol –db test |
恢复数据
要恢复备份数据，使用mongorestore命令。此命令从备份目录中还原所有数据。
语法
mongorestore命令的基本语法是
# mongorestore
下面是命令的输出：
[root@qikegu ~]# mongorestore
2019-06-10T13:22:23.355+0800 using default 'dump' directory
2019-06-10T13:22:23.356+0800 preparing collections to restore from
2019-06-10T13:22:23.357+0800 reading metadata for mydb.qikegu from dump/mydb/qikegu.metadata.json
2019-06-10T13:22:23.358+0800 restoring mydb.qikegu from dump/mydb/qikegu.bson
2019-06-10T13:22:23.358+0800 reading metadata for mydb.mycollection from dump/mydb/mycollection.metadata.json
2019-06-10T13:22:23.358+0800 restoring mydb.mycollection from dump/mydb/mycollection.bson
2019-06-10T13:22:23.358+0800 reading metadata for mydb.mycollection3 from dump/mydb/mycollection3.metadata.json
2019-06-10T13:22:23.361+0800 restoring mydb.mycollection3 from dump/mydb/mycollection3.bson
2019-06-10T13:22:23.363+0800 no indexes to restore
2019-06-10T13:22:23.364+0800 finished restoring mydb.mycollection (0 documents)
2019-06-10T13:22:23.364+0800 no indexes to restore
2019-06-10T13:22:23.364+0800 finished restoring mydb.mycollection3 (0 documents)
2019-06-10T13:22:23.368+0800 error: multiple errors in bulk operation:
- E11000 duplicate key error collection: mydb.qikegu index: _id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('507f191e810c19729de860ea') }
- E11000 duplicate key error collection: mydb.qikegu index: _id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('5cf7b4839ad87fde6fd23a03') }
- E11000 duplicate key error collection: mydb.qikegu index: _id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('5cf7b5849ad87fde6fd23a05') }
- E11000 duplicate key error collection: mydb.qikegu index: _id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('5cf7b91d9ad87fde6fd23a06') }
- E11000 duplicate key error collection: mydb.qikegu index: _id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('5cf7b91d9ad87fde6fd23a07') }
2019-06-10T13:22:23.368+0800 restoring indexes for collection mydb.qikegu from metadata
2019-06-10T13:22:23.368+0800 finished restoring mydb.qikegu (5 documents)
2019-06-10T13:22:23.368+0800 done